Mandible, TMJ, Bone Modeling Practice Test

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• Which type of bone is located in the middle and keeps bones light?
• During bone healing, which structure is formed when the cartilaginous callus is replaced by bone?
• What clinical symptom is most characteristic of disk displacement disorders?
• What is the primary effect of orthodontic tooth movement on surrounding bone?
• Which muscles are the principal elevators (jaw closers) of the mandible?
• Under functional loading, which region of the condyle tends to remodel to maintain articular congruity?
• In bone healing, what is the fibrocartilage plug called?
• A fracture that is not open to the outside but is displaced is called what?
• Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate is used in bone regeneration in combination with which material?
• What is the primary composition of the TMJ articular disc?
• Tooth loss promotes which process in the jaw bone?
• What is the functional difference between the superior and inferior compartments of the temporomandibular joint?
• Which type of bone constitutes the outer portion and contains osteons?
• The inferior compartment of the TMJ primarily performs which movement?
• How does the condylar growth center contribute to the vertical height of the mandible?
• What is the type of hinge and sliding joint found in the TMJ?
• What is the main function of the sphenomandibular (medial) ligament?
• Tooth loss promotes which bone change?
• What is the common degenerative TMJ condition associated with aging?
• Osteon is described as the essential building component of bone. Which of the following restates this description?
• During TMJ development, the articular disc forms during which stage?
• In bone healing, which cells invade the damaged area between the edges of broken bone and lay down fibrocartilage?
• Which artery among the six listed as supplying the TMJ is a branch of the maxillary artery?
• When osteoblasts lay down bone and become trapped, what cell do they become that forms the communication network of the osteon?
• The articular disc has an upper portion involved in sliding and a lower portion that acts as a hinge. Which joint structure does this describe?
• Which condition involves fusion of the TMJ leading to restricted movement?
• Which of the following ligaments is not among the primary stabilizers of the TMJ?
• What is another term for the measurement of functional mouth opening between the incisal edges?
• Which bone forms the temporal component of the TMJ, including the glenoid fossa and articular eminence?
• Which gender is twice as likely to report TMJ?
• A break in the periosteum; most common in pediatric patients is which type of fracture?
• Which signaling pathway is required for osteoblast development?
• Which fracture type is most common in pediatric patients and involves the periosteum?
• In the described approach to bone regeneration, which combination is correct?
• In multiple myeloma, myeloma cells secrete DKK1 and SFRPs to block which signaling pathway?
• The surface of the articular disc is covered by which membrane?
• Why is the articular disc considered avascular, and what is the implication?
• Which two anatomical structures form the TMJ articulation?
• Which movement involves both rotation and translation and occurs during typical jaw opening?
• Which TMJ disorder is related to a displaced disc, dislocated jaw, or injury to the condyle (also malocclusion)?
• Which fibers make up the organization of lamellae in bone?
• Which TMJ compartment is primarily responsible for gliding movement?
• The superior compartment of the TMJ primarily performs which movement?
• Which statement best describes disk displacement with reduction in TMJ disorders?
• The articular disc between the condyle and temporal bone is best described as which type of tissue?
• Why is the mandibular notch clinically relevant?
• What is another term for spongy bone?
• Which two nerves are responsible for the innervation of the TMJ?
• How does increased functional loading at the TMJ influence condylar remodeling?
• Which TMJ ligament runs from the spine of the styloid process of the temporal bone to the angle of the mandible?
• Weakest part of a normal bone is along what?
• Which ligament is described as running from the styloid process to the mandible?
• Which term describes the process of adding bone on one surface while resorbing on the opposite surface, shaping bone during development?
• Cavitation in TMJ development occurs during which weeks?
• Which TMJ compartment is primarily responsible for hinge rotation?
• The articular disc is part of which joint?
• Which imaging modality is best for evaluating the TMJ disc and retrodiscal tissues?
• Which artery is described as connecting osteons together?
• Which movement is primarily controlled by the lateral pterygoid during jaw opening?
• TMJ can occur with other conditions, such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis. Which condition is NOT listed as co-occurring?
• What are the six main arteries responsible for the vascular supply of the TMJ?
• The opening phase of jaw movement is associated with which disc movement?
• During TMJ development, which stage occurs at 7-8 weeks?
• From which cell lineage do osteoclasts arise?
• Which combination of ligaments provides primary stabilization of the TMJ?
• For graft extraction site, which combination is indicated?
• The TMJ receives sensory innervation from branches of which division of the trigeminal nerve?
• What is the essential building component of bone?
• What is the role of alveolar bone remodeling during eruption?
• Which term is another name for spongy bone?
• What is the main function of osteons?
• The masseteric and auriculotemporal nerves originate from which branch of the trigeminal nerve?
• How does aging influence TMJ remodeling potential?
• Which interpretation describes how bone remodeling helps eruption?
• Calcium Apatite Crystals used at a graft extraction site are a form of which mineral category?
• Which TMJ ligament is associated with the posterior aspect of the joint?
• How does the alveolar bone remodel in response to eruption?
• Which synovial cells secrete synovial fluid?
• What term describes tooth movement driven by bone remodeling responding to occlusal forces?
• The TMJ's structural components include the condylar heads, the articulating surfaces with the temporal fossa, the disc, and what else?
• Which technique is used to promote bone growth in the posterior mandibular area?
• Which imaging finding would NOT be typical of degenerative TMJ changes?
• Distinguish bone modeling from bone remodeling.
• Which bone type forms the inner porous region of a typical bone?
• In disk displacement with reduction, the movement is typically accompanied by which sound?
• Which stage occurs at 9-11 weeks in TMJ development?
• What fibrocartilaginous structure sits between the mandibular condyle and the temporal bone to facilitate smooth movement?
• Which of the following is a consequence of diabetes on intraoral bone healing?
• Tooth alignment changes that occur due to bone remodeling around teeth are called?
• Which statement correctly matches the TMJ development stage to its time?
• Which imaging modality provides the best detail of bony morphology of the mandible and TMJ?
• After eruption, how does the alveolar bone adapt?
• If a fracture occurs across an epiphyseal disk, the fracture line will end up replaced by bone which results in what?
• What type of growth do osteons use to develop?
• Which muscle contributes most to unilateral mandibular translation during chewing?
• Which of the following is not listed as a material used in bone regeneration?
• Which statement is true about the described bone regeneration approach?
• What is the canal that runs up and down the center of the osteon called?
• Which statement best describes the role of endochondral ossification in condylar growth affecting vertical height?
• The mandibular notch separates which two processes?
• The posterior mandibular area refers to which anatomical region?
• Which clinical measurement assesses the functional range of mouth opening?
• Type I Collagen is commonly paired with which other material for bone regeneration?
• In dental radiology, CBCT is particularly useful for TMJ assessment for what?
• A common clinical sign of TMJ dysfunction detected on examination includes?
• Which of the following is a main material used in bone regeneration?
• Which ligament runs from spine of the sphenoid bone to the lingula of the mandible?
• What growth mechanism adds bone on one surface while resorbing on another, contributing to changes in shape during development?
• What is the role of epiphyseal discs in growing individuals?
• Which nerves contribute to TMJ innervation besides the auriculotemporal nerve?
• Condylar hyperplasia results in what kind of growth of the mandible?
• Which bone type forms the dense outer shell containing osteons?
• Diabetes can be a co-morbidity that increases risk for which jaw condition?
• What type of lamellae wrap around each osteon?
• What are the two types of bone architecture?
• Which of the following is NOT among the four main impacts of diabetes on intraoral bone healing?
• Which ligament is the primary restraint to anterior translation of the condyle during mouth opening?
• What is a typical clinical sign of disc displacement with reduction?
• In diabetic wound healing in gingiva, what is responsible for reduced stromal healing?
• Which muscle group is most important for protrusion and influences the articular disc position?
• What is the main functional consequence of degenerative changes in the TMJ cartilage?
• TMJ allows the mandibular condyles to move in which two motions?
• Disk displacement without reduction in TMJ disorders is characterized by which of the following?
• Name the two functional compartments of the TMJ and the primary movement associated with each?
• Which anatomical feature lies between the coronoid process and the condylar process?
• During the initiation of jaw opening, which muscle contributes to moving the condyle anteriorly?
• What is the term for the fibrocartilaginous structure between the condyle and the temporal fossa in the TMJ?
• What are the two major roles of the condylar cartilage in mandibular growth?
• Which fibers provide tensile strength to bone due to being organized at 45 degree angles from each other?
• What is the function of the retrodiscal tissue in the TMJ?
• Which lamellae wrap around the entire bone and are sometimes called circumferential lamellae?
• The smooth anterior wall of the TMJ fossa forms which structure?
• Which term is another name for compact bone?
• Which stage occurs immediately before maturation in TMJ development?
• Which fissure separates the anterior from the posterior portion of the TMJ fossa?
• After a blood clot forms, which arteries undergo vasospasm causing the death of osteoblasts outside of the original break zone?
• In most areas of the jaw, the lesion becomes evident radiographically when which occurs?
• What combination of symptoms may indicate TMJ dysfunction?
• Name imaging signs that suggest degenerative TMJ changes.
• Disk displacement without reduction is often associated with which clinical finding?
• Which nerve is a branch of V3 that contributes to TMJ innervation?
• Myofascial pain is a form of TMJ disorder that affects which tissues?
• Discs that are required for normal bone lengthening are called what?
• What is the main function of the stylomandibular (posterior) ligament?
• Which statement best describes nourishment of the TMJ articular disc?
• Which statement best describes the materials used for bone regeneration as described?
• What protein fiber dominates bone matrix and provides resistance to tensile forces?
• The articular disc sits between which two structures?
• During unilateral chewing, which muscle is typically most involved in translating the jaw to the side?
• Which muscle group is most important for protrusion and influences the articular disc position?
• What structure pads the jaw opening movement?
• Identify the type of TMJ disorder that involves discomfort or pain in the muscles that control jaw function, with myofascial pain being the most common form.
• During inflammation, what is being produced?
• In children, what can prevent normal bone growth?
• From which division of the trigeminal nerve do the TMJ-innervating nerves originate?
• Which imaging modality is best for evaluating soft tissue components of the TMJ, including the disc and retrodiscal tissues?
• Which synovial cells make up about 25% of the synovial membrane and have phagocytic activity?
• Which type of lesion is commonly associated with jawbone involvement and is described as a clonal plasma cell proliferation?
• What is the main function of the temporomandibular (lateral) ligament?
• Which structure is NOT considered part of the temporomandibular joint?
• Osteocytes communicate within the osteon through which spaces?
• What do osteoclasts arise from?
• What type of ossification forms the mandible predominantly?
• Which tissue forms the cartilaginous callus during bone healing?
• Which stage follows cavitation in the TMJ development timeline?
• Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the TMJ capsule?
• Which main artery is responsible for the other arteries in the vascular supply of the TMJ?
• Which of the following is NOT listed among the six main arteries supplying the TMJ?
• Which vessel is located in the central canal along with a vein and a nerve?
• During TMJ development, articulator spaces form during which stage?
• Which type of ossification is involved in condylar growth that adds vertical height?
• Which TMJ ligament runs from the lateral surface of the articular tubercle to the mandible?
• Which finding would you expect in a patient with TMJ dysfunction?
• Which cells secrete DKK1 and SFRPs in multiple myeloma to influence bone remodeling?
• Which stage occurs after 12 weeks in TMJ development?
• Disorders of the jaw joint and chewing muscles are collectively referred to as what?
• The graft extraction site is associated with which mineral crystals?
• Which two structures form the TMJ articulation?
• Distraction Osteogenesis is best described as which concept?
• BMPs and PDGFs are examples of which exogenous factor influencing bone remodeling?
• By around 12 weeks in TMJ development, which structure forms?
• Which of the following is one of the three main exogenous attempts to influence bone remodeling?
• For bone regeneration, which materials are used together?
• What is the main function of the temporomandibular ligament in TMJ mechanics?
• What replaces the cartilaginous callus during bone healing?
• Which component forms part of the TMJ's articulating surface along with the condylar head?
• Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate belongs to which category of graft materials?
• What condition involves abnormal vertical growth of the mandible due to condylar hyperactivity?
• What type of lamellae wrap around the ENTIRE bone?
• Which material is used in combination with Type I Collagen for bone regeneration?
• Which artery connects osteons together?
• How does Wolff's law apply to the mandible and TMJ?
• For a graft extraction site, which materials are described as used?
• Which bony landmark provides attachments for the temporalis muscle?